Switch: Switches are an expansion of the concept of bridging. Bridges do not forward bad or misaligned packets. The function of the bridge is to connect separate networks together. A hub takes any incoming signal and repeats it out all ports.īridges: When the size of the LAN is difficult to manage, it is necessary to breakup the network. Hubs:Hubs are actually multi part repeaters. So, a periodic refreshing of the signals is required. We also know that signal transmission is always attached with energy loss. In larger designs, signal quality begins to deteriorate as segments exceed their maximum length. Repeater:Repeaters are used to connect together two Ethernet segments of any media type. The larger number of bits that can be transferred to NIC, the faster the NIC can transfer data to network cable. NICs come in three basic varieties 8 bit, 16 bit and 32 bit. Network Interface Card (NIC): NIC provides a physical connection between the networking cable and the computer’s internal bus. Networking hardware may also be known as network equipment computer networking devices.
Topology: The geometrical arrangement of the computers or nodes.A local area network is relatively smaller and privately owned network with the maximum span of 10 km. LAN is privately owned network within a single building or campus. Mainly three types of network based on their coverage areas: LAN, MAN, and WAN. Multicast: One device sends message to a certain group of devices on the network.The message is sent to an address reserved for this goal. Broadcast: One device sends message to all other devices on the network.Unicast: One device sends message to the other to its address.Methods of Message Delivery: A message can be delivered in the following ways Soft Ware: It includes set of protocols (nothing but a set of rules).Hard Ware: It includes physical connection (using adapter, cable, router, bridge etc).There are two aspects in computer networks. Communication Channel ( Telephone Cables).